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Private Sector Companies: State or not State?

Summary: This blog examines when private sector companies and Government companies can be regarded as ‘State’ under Article 12 of the Constitution of India, and the legal jurisprudence surrounding this subject. The authors address key questions about when such entities will be considered as ‘State’ and hence amendable to Writ Jurisdiction for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution. The blog analyses the evolution from structural to functional approach in judicial interpretation, including various SC judgments and the law laid down in the landmark case of P. K Biswas vs IICB

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Overview of Recent Amendments to Maharashtra Prevention of Fragmentation and Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1947

Summary: This blog discusses the recent amendments to Maharashtra Prevention of Fragmentation and Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1947, aimed at easing restrictions on land transfers and supporting urban development. It also highlights the Ordinance promulgated in November, 2025 which marks a turning point by introducing automatic regularisation, removing long‑standing hurdles and enabling faster, planned growth across designated areas.

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Are Layering Restrictions under the Companies Act Constitutionally Valid?

Summary: The Companies Act, 2013, imposes absolute structural restrictions on most classes of companies (barring a few) from having more than two layers of subsidiaries. This blog analyses whether such absolute restrictions will meet the test of proportionality laid down by the SC, considering that prima facie such restrictions violate the fundamental right to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

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SEBI’s final word on Merchant Bankers Regulations – Notification of key amendments

Summary: This blog deals with the key changes introduced in terms of the SEBI (Merchant Bankers) (Amendment) Regulations, 2025, issued through a notification dated December 3, 2025. Building on SEBI’s proposals, this piece outlines how the amendments overhaul the existing SEBI (Merchant Banker) Regulations, 1992 for the first time since their introduction and highlights the major reforms that will come into effect from January 1, 2026.

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RBI’s Consolidation Drive: One Stop Repository For The ARC Regulatory Framework

Summary: This blog provides a brief overview of the new set of directions issued by the RBI consolidating the regulatory framework for ARCs. It also highlights additional requirements introduced for ARCs and discusses how the otherwise dispersed regulatory framework is now aligned under a unified set of directions. 

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Reverse Flips and ESOPs: Bridging Global Incentives and Indian Regulations

Summary: This blog discusses the conceptual and regulatory framework governing employee stock options (ESOPs) in India in the context of ‘reverse-flips’, i.e., cross-border mergers and inbound restructurings, where incentives provide beneficiaries with an ownership right in the issuer company. It also explores certain practical aspects that are to be considered by Indian companies while designing and operating such incentive schemes post-merger.

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Summary: SEBI has proposed amendments to streamline India’s IPO process through a consultation paper. The proposals address two critical areas — enabling lock-in compliance for pledged non-promoter shares and introducing focused offer document summaries to enhance accessibility for retail investors. These changes aim to resolve practical challenges faced by IPO-bound companies, while simplifying complex disclosure requirements for better investor comprehension.

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Summary: This article examines the legality of recent circulars issued by the Delhi government, which includes imposing a 0.1% stamp duty on dematerialised share issuances in Delhi (which is contrary to the centrally prescribed 0.005% rate).

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